Number DOI: http://doi.org/10.33209/2519-4348-2707-9627-2022-10-120

VB. – № 10, 2022. – P. 163-191

Summary

The article revealed the origin of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the early Middle Ages, and its development over the next few centuries; shown Christian visits to Holy places in Palestine as a religious practice in medieval Europe. The main source of the study of the topic was the notes of both Western European and Rus participants of the pilgrimage. The authors of such works reflected their experiences, spiritual upliftment, and strengthening of faith caused by the journey to the Holy Land. A review of the scientific literature on the problem proved that the medieval pilgrimage is a subject of interest to many researchers but it has not been thoroughly studied in Ukrainian historiography. It is noted that visiting Holy places has been known in religious practice since ancient times and is characteristic of many religions. The reasons why it did not have a spiritual purpose in the first three centuries of Christianity were identified. The process of formation of the pilgrimage movement to the Holy Land in the early Middle Ages was followed. It was accentuated that the Christians gave a new justification to the tradition of going to Palestine on a pilgrimage. The role of St. Elena in starting the custom of pious visits to the Holy Land and in the construction of a complex of sacred buildings in Jerusalem on her and Emperor Constantine the Great’s initiative. Pilgrimages to the Holy Land, as well as to the shrines in Constantinople and Mount Athos, were part of the religious practice of Rus converted to Christianity. “The Life and Walks of Daniel, Abbot of the Rus Land” vividly testified that for its author, Jerusalem is not just a Holy City but a symbol of a spiritual peak, the path to which was difficult not only physically but also spiritually because it led to the true faith. Attention was focused on the desire of the Christian medieval society to literally live out the road to salvation that stimulated the involvement of a wider circle of people in pilgrimage trips. The road to the Holy places formed the interaction of geography, theology, and travel. The journey to the Holy Land significant from the point of view of Christianity turned into a pilgrimage as it made it possible to get to know and understand the Holy Scriptures more deeply, and the difficulties overcome gave this journey ascetic features. Pilgrimage entered medieval life also as one of the mass forms of folk piety.

Key words: medieval Europe, Holy Land, pilgrimage, religious practice, pilgrimage literature.

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