The journal adheres to international standards of publication ethics, in particular the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and ensures the reliability of the scientific archive.

Retraction (withdrawal) of an article is carried out in order to correct the scientific record in case of detection of significant violations or errors.

An article may be withdrawn in cases of: plagiarism; fabrication or falsification of data; double publication; significant methodological errors; violation of ethical standards of research; unlawful authorship; failure to notify of a conflict of interest.

The withdrawal process may be initiated by: the authors of the article; the editorial board or editor-in-chief; reviewers or members of the editorial board; readers, researchers or other interested parties who have reported the violation.

After receiving a notification of a possible violation, the editorial office of the publication registers the appeal and begins an initial assessment.

The author(s) receive an official notification and the opportunity to provide an explanation.

If necessary, the editorial office involves independent experts or an ethics committee.

The final decision on retraction is made by the editorial board through a professional and ethical analysis of all available evidence.

If the circumstances are not unambiguous, but cause serious concern, the editorial board may publish an Expression of Concern.

In the event of a decision to retract the publication:

1. Publishes a separate Retraction Notice that: clearly identifies the retracted article (title, authors, date, DOI); contains a clear explanation of the reasons for the retraction; indicates who initiated the process (author, editorial board, etc.); is open to all readers and available free of charge.
2. Does not delete the original article, but: marks it as “RETRACTED” on all pages; is accompanied by a hyperlink to the retraction notice; receives corresponding changes in metadata, bibliographic records and indexing databases.
3. If necessary, the publication notifies the relevant institutions where the research was conducted.

If the identified shortcomings do not affect the reliability of the main conclusions, the editorial board may publish: a correction (Correction/Erratum), or an addendum, without applying the full retraction procedure.

Authors may request to retract their own article if: they have identified critical errors; ethical problems have arisen; it has become impossible to confirm the results.

Such an appeal must be submitted in writing and agreed upon by all authors. The decision on retraction is made by the editorial board.