Number DOI: http://doi.org/10.33209/2519-4348-2707-9627-2023-11-139

VB. – № 11, 2023. – P. 147-163

Summary

The declaration of the status of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine through the granting of a Tomos by the Mother Church of the Patriarchate of Constantinople on January 6, 2019 became the apogee of the centuries-old history of church identity within the ancient Kyiv Metropolitanate. Unfortunately, not all pages of the difficult and multifaceted church history of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church have been accurately and comprehensively revealed at the proper scientific level. In addition to the common difficulties of having original source documents, bias, tendency, and sometimes deliberate distortion in the research of existing monuments can be clearly observed. The explanation of this situation is a simple fact – the lack of full independence of the civil-administrative authorities of Ukrainian origin. Under such circumstances, representatives of the Eastern or Western centers of ownership of our lands tried to interpret the historical assets of the Ukrainian Church in the light of their own imperial hegemony. It is not for nothing that the president of the Russian Federation, before a full-scale military invasion on February 24, 2022, turned to historical narratives to justify his aggression. One of the most original, dynamic, bright and, sometimes, dramatic periods of our church history is the 14th century. This was facilitated by the rapidity of changes in the borders of the principalities and the appearance of new players on the geopolitical map of Central-Eastern Europe. The lack of political stability and the change in the center of focus of civil power was naturally reflected in the church life of the Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Metropolitanate, including in the institutional forms of canonical legal status. With the loss of Kyiv’s status as a political and military dominant, the residence of the Kyiv metropolitans moved first to the city of Volodymyr-on-Klyazma, and later to Moscow. Therefore, the First Hierarch of the Kyiv Metropolitanate was distant from his flock both locally and mentally. Under such circumstances, the local princes of the Kingdom of Rus fought for the ecclesiastical independence of the Galician metropolis, and the Lithuanian rulers – for the canonical status of a separate Lithuanian metropolis. In this study, based on existing sources and historical monuments, the attempts to gain the independence of the Lithuanian Metropolis as a separate ecclesiastical jurisdictional district were revealed, as well as a set of factors of geopolitical origin that motivated the stated aspirations of the leaders of the Grand Duchies of Lithuania, Russia, and Zhemaitia were considered. We propose to divide this study into two part. In the second part, we will consider the acquisition of the independent status of the Lithuanian Metropolis under Metropolitan Roman, the peculiarities of his competition for Kyiv; the “two-metropolie” rule of Metropolitan Cyprian and the end of the official existence of the Lithuanian Metropolis under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.

Key words: The Metropolitanate of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russia and Zhemaitia, the Patriarch of Constantinople, the legacy of the Metropolitanate of Kyiv, the church and administrative system.

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