{"id":4405,"date":"2024-12-12T15:36:24","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T13:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/?p=4405"},"modified":"2025-02-13T11:28:37","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T09:28:37","slug":"pilgrimage-to-the-holy-land-as-a-religious-practice-in-medieval-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/pilgrimage-to-the-holy-land-as-a-religious-practice-in-medieval-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0456"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
Oksana Karlina<\/summary>\n

PhD in History, Associate Professor, Department of World History, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

karlina.oxana@vnu.edu.ua | ORCID: 0000-0001-8706-942X<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Number DOI: http:\/\/doi.org\/10.33209\/2519-4348-2707-9627-2022-10-120<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VB. – \u2116 10, 2022. – P. 163-191<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The article revealed the origin of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the early Middle Ages, and its development over the next few centuries; shown Christian visits to Holy places in Palestine as a religious practice in medieval Europe. The main source of the study of the topic was the notes of both Western European and Rus participants of the pilgrimage. The authors of such works reflected their experiences, spiritual upliftment, and strengthening of faith caused by the journey to the Holy Land. A review of the scientific literature on the problem proved that the medieval pilgrimage is a subject of interest to many researchers but it has not been thoroughly studied in Ukrainian historiography. It is noted that visiting Holy places has been known in religious practice since ancient times and is characteristic of many religions. The reasons why it did not have a spiritual purpose in the first three centuries of Christianity were identified. The process of formation of the pilgrimage movement to the Holy Land in the early Middle Ages was followed. It was accentuated that the Christians gave a new justification to the tradition of going to Palestine on a pilgrimage. The role of St. Elena in starting the custom of pious visits to the Holy Land and in the construction of a complex of sacred buildings in Jerusalem on her and Emperor Constantine the Great’s initiative. Pilgrimages to the Holy Land, as well as to the shrines in Constantinople and Mount Athos, were part of the religious practice of Rus converted to Christianity. “The Life and Walks of Daniel, Abbot of the Rus Land” vividly testified that for its author, Jerusalem is not just a Holy City but a symbol of a spiritual peak, the path to which was difficult not only physically but also spiritually because it led to the true faith. Attention was focused on the desire of the Christian medieval society to literally live out the road to salvation that stimulated the involvement of a wider circle of people in pilgrimage trips. The road to the Holy places formed the interaction of geography, theology, and travel. The journey to the Holy Land significant from the point of view of Christianity turned into a pilgrimage as it made it possible to get to know and understand the Holy Scriptures more deeply, and the difficulties overcome gave this journey ascetic features. Pilgrimage entered medieval life also as one of the mass forms of folk piety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words: <\/strong>medieval Europe, Holy Land, pilgrimage, religious practice, pilgrimage literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Bilous, P., 1997. Palomnytskyi zhanr v istorii ukrainskoi literatuty<\/em> [Pilgrimage genre in the history of Ukrainian literature], Zhytomyr: [b. v.], 158 s. [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Bilous, P., 1998. <\/em>Ukrainska<\/em> <\/em>palomnytska<\/em> <\/em>proza<\/em>: <\/em>Istoriia<\/em> <\/em>zhanru<\/em> [Ukrainian pilgrimage prose: History of the genre], Kyiv: [b. v.], 127 s. [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Bilous, P., 2013. Tiazhinnia<\/em> <\/em>Sviatoi<\/em> <\/em>Zemli<\/em>. <\/em>Ukrainska<\/em> <\/em>palomnytska<\/em> <\/em>proza<\/em> [Gravity of the Holy Land. Ukrainian pilgrimage prose], Kyiv: Akademvydav, 205 s. [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Voitovych, L. V., Domanovskyi, A. M., [ta in.], 2011. Istoriia Vizantii. Vstup do vizantynistyky<\/em> [History of Byzantium. Introduction to Byzantine Studies]; za red. S. B. Sorochana i L. V. Voitovycha, Lviv: Apriori, 880 s. [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Hotun, I. A., 2017. Blyzkoskhidni palomnytski khrestyky z pivdennoruskykh selyshch [Middle Eastern pilgrimage crosses from South Russian villages], Skhidnyi<\/em> <\/em>svit<\/em>,<\/em> nr 1 \u2013 2, s.  111 \u2013 130 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Hotun, I. A., Kazymir, O. M., Hun, M. O., Sukhonos, 2018. Serednovichne khrystyianskepalomnytstvo i dvi znakhidkyz Khodosivky [Medieval Christian pilgrimage and two finds from Khodosivka], Arkheolohiia,<\/em> nr 1 s.  68 \u2013 90 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Hupalo, V., 2017. Khristianskiie relikvii iz kniazheskogo Zvenigoroda [Christian relics from princely Zvenigorod], V<\/em> <\/em>kamne<\/em> <\/em>i<\/em> <\/em>bronze<\/em>; <\/em>sb<\/em>. <\/em>st<\/em>. <\/em>v<\/em> <\/em>chest<\/em> <\/em>Anny<\/em> <\/em>Peskovoi<\/em>; <\/em>red. A. Ye. Musin, O. V. Shcheglova, Sankt-Peterburg, s. 117 \u2013 123 [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Darkevich, V. P., 2005. Argonavty Srednevekovia<\/em> [Argonauts of the Middle Ages], 2-e izd. ispr. i dop., Moskva: Universitet, 254 s. [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Dobiash-Rozhdestvenska, O. A., 1924. Zapadnyie palomnichestva v sreniie veka<\/em> [Western pilgrimages in the Middle Ages], Peterburg: Brokgauz-Efron, 72 s. [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Dublianskyi, A., 1962. Ukrainski sviati<\/em> [Ukrainian saints], Miunkhen, 99 s. [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Diukova, E., 2010. Palomnytskyi zhanr na perekhresti kulturnykh tradytsii Tsentralnoi i Zakhidnoi Yevropy XV \u2013 XVII st.: \u201cApolohiia\u201d Meletiia Smotrytskoho, \u201cPerehrynatsiia\u201d Mykolaia Kryshtofa Radzyvila, anonimne \u201cSlovo pro yakohos startsia\u201d [Pilgrimage genre at the crossroads of cultural traditions of Central and Western Europe of the 16th and 17th centuries: “Apology” by Meletius Smotrytskyi, “Peregrination” by Mykolay Kryshtof Radzyvil, anonymous “Word about some old man there”], Slovo i chas<\/em>, nr 7, s. 59 \u2013 70 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Zavhorodnii, Yu., 2004. Ihumen Danylo \u2013 davnoruskyi vzirets palomnytskoho dosvidu [Abbot Danylo is an ancient Russian model of pilgrimage experience], Horskyi B., Vdovyna O., Zavhorodnii Yu., Kyrychok O., Davnoruski lubomudry,<\/em> Kyiv: Akademiia, s. 110 \u2013 160 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Zavhorodnii, Yu., 2006. Frosyna Polotska: palomnytskyi dosvid sviatosti [Frosina of Polotsk: a pilgrimage experience of holiness], Davnoruske lubomudriie: teksty i konteksty; <\/em>uporiad. O. Vdovyna, Yu. Zavhorodnii, Kyiv: Kyievo-Mohylianska akademiia, s. 160 \u2013 175 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Zhylenko, I., 2011. Zhytiie prp. Yefrosynii Polotskoi v \u201cZhytiiakh sviatykh\u201d svt. Dymytriia Tuptala [Lives St. Ephrosynia of Polotsk in the “Lives of the Saints” of St. Dimitrii Tuptala], Nestorivski studii. Yefrosyniia Polotska v istorii Pravoslavia. Dopovidi naukovtsiv VIII Nestorivskykh studii<\/em>,  Kyiv: Nats. Kyievo-Pecherskyi istoryko-kult. Zapovidnyk, s. 23 \u2013 40 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Zhytiie i khodinnia Danyla, Ruskoi zemli ihumena [The life and conduct of Danylo, hegumen of the Russian land], 2001. Tysiacha rokiv ukrainskoi suspilno-politychnoi dumky: u 9-ty t.,<\/em> Kyiv: Dnipro, t. 1: X \u2013 XV st., s. 373 \u2013 392 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Zhytiie prepodobnoi Yefrosinii igumenii Polotskoi [Life of St. Euphrosyne, Abbess of Polotsk], 1999. Zhytiia sviatykh na russkom yazyke, izlozhennyie po rukovodstvu Chetikh Minei st. Dimitriia Rostovskogo<\/em>, Kiev: Kievo-Pecherskaia lavra, t. 9, mai, s. 664\u2013675 [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Latyhina, N., A., 2016. Islam: shlakh kriz stolittia: monohrafiia<\/em> [Islam: a journey through the ages: a monograph], Kyiv: Kyiv. nats. torh.-ekon. un-t, 360 s. [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Le Goff, Zh., 1992. Hsivilizatsiia srednevekovogo Zapada<\/em> [Civilization of the Medieval West]; per. z frants., Moskva: Progress, Progress-Akademiia, 376 s. [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. Lorts, Y., 1999. Istoriia Tserkvi, rassmotrennaia s istoriiei idei<\/em> [The history of the Church, considered with the history of ideas]: per. s nem., Moskva: Khristiaskaia Rossiia, t. 1: Drevnost i sredniie veka,<\/em> 530 s. [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Luchitskaia, S. I., 2003. Palomnichestvo [Pilgrimage], Slovar<\/em> <\/em>srednevekovoi<\/em> <\/em>kultury<\/em>; <\/em>pod obshchei red. A. Ya. Gurevicha, Moskva: ROSSPEN, s. 337 \u2013 342 [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. Maleto, E. I., 2000. Khozheniia<\/em> <\/em>russkikh<\/em> <\/em>puteshestvennikov<\/em> <\/em>XII<\/em> \u2013 <\/em>XV<\/em> <\/em>vv<\/em>.<\/em> [Journeys of Russian travelers of the XII – XV centuries], Moskva: IPI RAN, 206 s. [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Maleto, E. I., 2005. Antologiia khozhenii russkikh puteshestvennikov XII \u2013 XV vekov. Issledovaniie, teksty, kommentarii;<\/em> otv. red. A. N. Sakharov, Moskva: Nauka, 440 s. [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. Mudarevych, V., 2011. Vyvchennia \u201cKhodzhennia ihumena Danyila\u201d do Sviatoi Zemli u 50 \u2013 80-kh rr. XX st. [Study of “Higumen Daniel’s Journey” to the Holy Land in the 1950s – 1980s of the 20th century], Relihiia ta sotsium,<\/em> nr 1 (5), s. 96 \u2013 101 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24.  Mudarevych, V., 2011. Fenomen khrystyianskoho palomnytstva : motyvatsiini aspekty [The phenomenon of Christian pilgrimage: motivational aspects. Religion and society], Relihiia ta sotsium,<\/em> nr 2 (6), s.  38 \u2013 43 [in Ukrainian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. Musin, A. E., 1999. Arkheologiia drevnerusskogo palomnichestva v Sviatuiu Zemlu v XII \u2013 XV vekakh [Archeology of the ancient Russian pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the XII-XV centuries], Bogoslovskieie trudy, t. 35. K 150-letiiu Russkoi Dukhovnoi missii v Ierusalime (1847 \u2013 1997),<\/em> s. 92 \u2013 110 [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. Nestor, 2001. Zhytiie prepodobnoho ottsia nashoho Feodosiia, ihumena Pecherskoho [Lives our venerable father Theodosius, hegumen of Pechersk], Tysiacha rokiv ukrainskoi suspilno-politychnoi dumky: u 9-ty t.,<\/em> Kyiv: Dnipro, t. 1: X \u2013 XV st., s. 302 \u2013 343 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. Ostrogorskyi, G., 2002. Istoriia<\/em> <\/em>Vizantii<\/em> [History of Byzantium]; vyd. 3-e, dop.; per. z nim., Lviv: Litopys, 608 s. [in Ukrainian]<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. Pentkovskii, A. M., 1999. Istoriko liturgicheskii analiz povestvovaniia ihumena Daniila \u201cO svete Nebesnom, kako skhodit ko Grobu Gospodniu\u201d [Historical and liturgical analysis of the narration of Abbot Daniel “On the light of Heaven, how it descends to the Holy Sepulcher”], Bogoslovskieie<\/em> <\/em>trudy<\/em>, <\/em>t<\/em>. 35. <\/em>K<\/em> 150-<\/em>letiiu<\/em> <\/em>Russkoi<\/em> <\/em>Dukhovnoi<\/em> <\/em>missii<\/em> <\/em>v<\/em> <\/em>Ierusalime<\/em> (1847 \u2013 1997),<\/em> s. 145 \u2013 161 [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29. Peskova, A. A., 2001. Palomnicheskiie relikvii Sviatoi Zemli v drednerusskom gorode [Pilgrimage relics of the Holy Land in the ancient Russian city], Piligrimy<\/em>: <\/em>istoriko<\/em>–<\/em>kulturnaia<\/em> <\/em>rol<\/em> <\/em>palomnichestva<\/em>;<\/em> nauch. red. V. N. Zalesskaia, Sankt-Peterburg: izd-vo Gos. Ermitazha, s. 113 \u2013 126 [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30. Podskalski, G., 1996. Khristianstvo i bogoslovskaia literatura v Kievskoi Rusi (988 \u2013 1237) <\/em>[Christianity and theological literature in Kievan Rus (988 \u2013 1237); izd. 2-e, Sankt-Peterburg: Vizantinorossika, XX, 572 s. [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31. Popovych, Ya., 2014. Palomnytstvo u pannokhrystyianskyi period [Pilgrimage in the early Christian period], Visnyk Zhytomyrskoho derzhavnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka,<\/em> vyp. 6, s. 68 \u2013 73 [in Ukrainian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  32. Puteshestviie ihumena Daniila po Sviatoi Zemle v nachale XII v. (1113 \u2013 1115)<\/em> [Journey of Abbot Daniel in the Holy Land at the beginning of the 12th century. (1113 \u2013 1115)], 1864, Sankt-Peterburg: tip. Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, XIV, 193 s. [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  33. Rozhdestvenskaia, M. V., 1994. Obraz Sviatoi Zemli v drevnerusskoi literature [The Image of the Holy Land in Old Russian Literature], Ierusalim v russkoi kulture; <\/em>red. A. l. Batalov, A. M. Lidov, Moskva: ROSSPEN, s. 8 \u2013 14 [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  34. Sokrat Skholastik, 1996. Tserkovnaia istoriia<\/em> [Church history]: [per. s grech.], Moskva: ROSSPEN, 368 s. [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  35. Feodorit, episkop Kirskii, 1993. Tserkovnaia istoriia<\/em> [Church history]: [per. s grech.], Moskva: ROSSPEN, 237 s. [in Russian].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  36. \u201cKhozhdeniie\u201d igumena Daniila. Kommentarii [“Walking” of Abbot Daniel. Comments], 1978. Pamiatniki literatury Drevnei Rusi<\/em>, Moskva: Nauka, s. 25 \u2013 114 [in Russian]. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  37. Khozhdeniie arkhimandrita Agrefenia obiteli Presviatyia Bogorodizhy (okolo 1370 g.) [Walking of Archimandrite Agrefenia of the Monastery of the Most Holy Theotokos (about 1370)]; pod red. Arkhimandrita Leonoda, 1896.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    View\/download PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Number DOI: http:\/\/doi.org\/10.33209\/2519-4348-2707-9627-2022-10-120 VB. – \u2116 10, 2022. – P. 163-191 Summary The article revealed the origin of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the early Middle Ages, and its development over the next few centuries; shown Christian visits to Holy places in Palestine as a religious practice in medieval Europe. The main source of the study of the topic was the notes of both Western European and Rus participants of the pilgrimage. The authors of such works reflected their experiences, spiritual upliftment, and strengthening of faith caused by the journey to the Holy Land. A review of the scientific literature on the problem proved that the medieval pilgrimage is a subject of interest to many researchers but it has not been thoroughly studied in Ukrainian historiography. It is noted that visiting Holy places has been known in religious practice since ancient times and is characteristic of many religions. The reasons why it did not have a spiritual purpose in the first three centuries of Christianity were identified. The process of formation of the pilgrimage movement to the Holy Land in the early Middle Ages was followed. It was accentuated that the Christians gave a new justification to the tradition of going to Palestine on a pilgrimage. The role of St. Elena in starting the custom of pious visits to the Holy Land and in the construction of a complex of sacred buildings in Jerusalem on her and Emperor Constantine the Great’s initiative. Pilgrimages to the Holy Land, as well as to the shrines in Constantinople and Mount Athos, were part of the religious practice of Rus converted to Christianity. “The Life and Walks of Daniel, Abbot of the Rus Land” vividly testified that for its author, Jerusalem is not just a Holy City but a symbol of a spiritual peak, the path to which was difficult not only physically but also spiritually because it led to the true faith. Attention was focused on the desire of the Christian medieval society to literally live out the road to salvation that stimulated the involvement of a wider circle of people in pilgrimage trips. The road to the Holy places formed the interaction of geography, theology, and travel. The journey to the Holy Land significant from the point of view of Christianity turned into a pilgrimage as it made it possible to get to know and understand the Holy Scriptures more deeply, and the difficulties overcome gave this journey ascetic features. Pilgrimage entered medieval life also as one of the mass forms of folk piety. Key words: medieval Europe, Holy Land, pilgrimage, religious practice, pilgrimage literature. References:<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[309],"class_list":["post-4405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--10-2022","tag-oksana-karlina","post-no-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4405"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5647,"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4405\/revisions\/5647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vb.vpba.edu.ua\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}